与强迫失去意识的镇静剂不同,甘氨酸通过配合身体的自然睡眠节律来发挥作用。它作用于视交叉上核(身体的主生物钟)的 NMDA 受体,从而诱发外周血管舒张(peripheral vasodilation)。这会降低核心体温——这是进入深度睡眠的关键生理信号。[3][4]

胶原蛋白是人体内含量最丰富的蛋白质,胶原蛋白螺旋中每三个氨基酸就必须有一个是甘氨酸。没有它,这种结构就无法形成。
甘氨酸是少数通过美国国家衰老研究所(National Institute on Aging)严格的**干预测试项目(Interventions Testing Program, ITP)**的分子之一。
Bannai et al. (2012) 的一项关键研究表明,睡前服用 3g 甘氨酸(glycine)可显著改善有睡眠障碍的健康成年人的睡眠质量。多导睡眠图(睡眠追踪)显示,甘氨酸能促进核心体温快速下降,且不会改变睡眠结构(即不会破坏 REM 睡眠)。[3:1]
Meléndez-Hevia et al. (2009) 对胶原蛋白合成进行了代谢控制分析。他们得出结论,负责合成甘氨酸的酶受到限制,无法满足胶原蛋白系统的高需求。这表明骨关节炎和其他结缔组织疾病可能在一定程度上是慢性全身性甘氨酸缺乏的症状。[1:2]
ITP 是长寿研究的“黄金标准”,因为它使用基因多样化的小鼠(模拟人类基因变异),并在三个独立的实验室开展实验。甘氨酸在两性中均有效的发现具有重要意义,因为许多干预措施(如 Acarbose 或 17-alpha-estradiol)通常表现出强烈的性别特异性偏差。[2:2]

Meléndez-Hevia, E., De Paz-Lugo, P., Cornish-Bowden, A., & Cárdenas, M. L. (2009). A weak link in metabolism: the metabolic capacity for glycine biosynthesis does not satisfy the need for collagen synthesis. Journal of Biosciences, 34(6), 853–872. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20093739/ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
Miller, R. A., et al. (2019). Glycine supplementation extends lifespan of male and female mice. Aging Cell, 18(3), e12953. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6516426/ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
Bannai, M., et al. (2012). The effects of glycine on subjective daytime performance in partially sleep-restricted healthy volunteers. Frontiers in Neurology, 3, 61. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3328957/ ↩︎ ↩︎
Kawai, N., et al. (2015). The sleep-promoting and hypothermic effects of glycine are mediated by NMDA receptors in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Neuropsychopharmacology, 40(6), 1405–1416. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4397399/ ↩︎
Yamadera, W., et al. (2007). Glycine ingestion improves subjective sleep quality in human volunteers, correlating with polysomnographic changes. Sleep and Biological Rhythms, 5(2), 126-131. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1479-8425.2007.00262.x ↩︎
de Paz-Lugo, P., Lupiáñez, J. A., & Meléndez-Hevia, E. (2018). High glycine concentration increases collagen synthesis by articular chondrocytes in vitro: acute glycine deficiency could be an important cause of osteoarthritis. Amino Acids, 50(10), 1357–1365. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6153947/ ↩︎
Brind, J., et al. (2011). Dietary glycine supplementation mimics life-span extension by dietary methionine restriction in Fisher 344 rats. The FASEB Journal, 25(1_supplement), 528.2. https://faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.528.2 ↩︎
Heresco-Levy, U., et al. (1999). High-dose glycine added to olanzapine and risperidone in schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry, 45, 11S. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10086452/ ↩︎
McCarty, M. F., & DiNicolantonio, J. J. (2019). An increased need for dietary cysteine in support of glutathione synthesis may underlie the increased risk for mortality associated with low protein intake in the elderly. Age, 37(5), 96. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26362762/ ↩︎